Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is basically HPLC operating at an even higher pressure. A typical HPLC column operates under 400 bar pressure. UHPLC columns usually operate under pressure of above 400 bars. Typically, the particle sizes in UHPLC columns are less than 2 um, often refer to as sub-2um columns.
Advantages of using UHPLC Columns
shorten analysis time
decreased solvent usage and disposal costs - both financial and environmental
higher resolution, separation efficiency, and theoretical plates